National Consumer Bankruptcy Rights Center

Protecting The Rights Of Consumer Debtors In Bankruptcy

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SSA Cannot “Recoup” Payments Obtained by Fraud from Separate Program

The SSA’s withholding of benefits from one program to recover fraudulently-obtained payments made under a separate program was not a “recoupment” free from the strictures of the automatic stay. U.S.A. v. Johnson, No. 17-5224 (N.D. Ill. March 12, 2018).

For more than three years John Johnson fraudulently received retirement social security benefits. Upon learning of the fraud, the SSA calculated that he owed almost $58,000 in ill-gotten benefits and penalties and began withholding his legitimate disability benefits. Mr. Johnson filed for chapter 13 bankruptcy and argued that the SSA’s withholding of his disability benefits violated the automatic stay. The bankruptcy court agreed and the SSA appealed. [Read more…] about SSA Cannot “Recoup” Payments Obtained by Fraud from Separate Program

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Direct Mortgage Payments Not “Payments under the Plan” for Discharge Purposes

Payments made directly by the debtor to the mortgagee are not “payments under the plan,” within the meaning of section 1328 and the debtor’s failure to make those payments are not cause for dismissal without discharge. In re Gibson, No. 12-81186 (Bankr. C.D. Ill. March 5, 2018).

Bryan and Holly Gibson made all payments in accordance with their five-year chapter 13 plan, and the trustee filed the notice of payment completion. Mortgage creditor, PNC, agreed that the Gibsons were current on their first mortgage and had paid the arrearage on the second mortgage through the trustee. However, it chose that moment to complain that, as of the beginning of the plan, the debtors had made none of the post-petition direct payments on their second mortgage. On the basis of that default, the trustee moved to dismiss under section 1307(c)(6). [Read more…] about Direct Mortgage Payments Not “Payments under the Plan” for Discharge Purposes

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Second Circuit Finds Arbitration Conflicts with Discharge Injunction

Arbitration of the debtor’s claim for violation of the discharge injunction presented an inherent conflict with the Bankruptcy Code and the bankruptcy court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to compel arbitration. Anderson v. Credit One Bank, No. 16-2496 (2d Cir. March 7, 2018).

Credit One charged off Orrin Anderson’s credit card debt, sold the account to a debt buyer, and reported the default to the major credit reporting agencies. After Mr. Anderson obtained a chapter 7 discharge, Credit One refused to change the credit report to reflect the discharge. Mr. Anderson reopened his bankruptcy and filed a class action suit complaining that Credit One’s inaction with respect to his credit reports and those of other putative class members violated section 524(a)(2). The bankruptcy court rejected Credit One’s efforts to enforce the arbitration clause in the credit card agreement. On Credit One’s interlocutory appeal, the district court affirmed. In re Anderson, 553 B.R. 221 (S.D. N.Y. 2016). [Read more…] about Second Circuit Finds Arbitration Conflicts with Discharge Injunction

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Debtor Correctly Excluded Mother’s Social Security From PDI

Where the debtor lived with his mother and they shared all income and expenses, he correctly included her expenses and excluded her social security benefits in his projected disposable income calculation. In re Palcher, 2018 WL 481863, No. 7:17-bk-3938 (Bankr. D. S.C. Jan. 16, 2018).

Above-median debtor, Michael Palcher, proposed a chapter 13 plan to pay his mortgage directly and pay approximately 6.7% to unsecured creditors through the plan. The trustee objected to confirmation arguing that, because Mr. Palcher did not include his mother’s social security in his projected disposable income, the plan did not comply with section 1325(b) and was proposed in bad faith. [Read more…] about Debtor Correctly Excluded Mother’s Social Security From PDI

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Stay Does Not Require Bank to Release Citation Lien

Reasoning that the case involved a lien rather than an administrative freeze on funds in a bank account, the bankruptcy court found that the automatic stay did not require the bank to take affirmative steps to release its citation lien. In re Smiley, No. 17-27169 (Bankr. N.D. Ill. Jan 11, 2018).

J.P. Morgan Chase Bank froze the bank accounts belonging to chapter 13 debtor, Kim Smiley, pursuant to a citation to discover assets filed by Bank of America. Under Illinois law, the citation created a lien on Ms. Smiley’s accounts. After Ms. Smiley filed her bankruptcy petition, Bank of America refused to release the lien and unfreeze the funds. Ms. Smiley sought sanctions for violation of the automatic stay under section 362(k). [Read more…] about Stay Does Not Require Bank to Release Citation Lien

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Fourth Circuit Looks at Multiple Factors in Bad Faith Analysis

Filing bankruptcy for the primary purpose of discharging one debt is not, in itself, bad faith, and the bankruptcy court did not abuse its discretion when weighing several factors in denying the creditor’s motion to dismiss for cause under section 707(a). Janvey v. Romero (In re Romero), No. 17-1197 (4th Cir. Feb. 21, 2018).

Peter Romero was found liable to victims of a Ponzi scheme in which he was involved. Pursuant to that judgment, he owed $1.275 million to Ralph Janvey, the court-appointed Receiver in the Ponzi litigation. Mr. Janvey rejected without counteroffers Mr. Romero’s attempts to settle and Mr. Romero filed for chapter 7 bankruptcy. The bankruptcy court denied Mr. Janvey’s motion to dismiss and granted Mr. Romero’s discharge. In re Romero, 557 B.R. 875 (Bankr. D. Md. 2016). The district court affirmed. [Read more…] about Fourth Circuit Looks at Multiple Factors in Bad Faith Analysis

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Bank May Not Hide Settlement Amount

The amount of a settlement was not “confidential commercial information” requiring that it be sealed by the bankruptcy court. In re Gibbs, No. 11-3070 (Bankr. D. Haw. Dec. 19, 2017).

Judith Lynn Gibbs’s bankruptcy estate included a claim against Bank of America for wrongful foreclosure. The Bank and the bankruptcy trustee reached a settlement and jointly sought an order to seal the settlement agreement and redact the settlement amount from any other court records. The Office of the U.S. Trustee opposed the motion. [Read more…] about Bank May Not Hide Settlement Amount

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Criminal Restitution Is Nondischargeable

A debt is nondischargeable when it is incurred as part of a criminal sentence. Medical Lien Management, Inc. v. Dampier, No. 17-1160 (10th Cir. Feb. 14, 2018) (unpublished).

Billy Dampier was convicted of theft from his employer and, as part of his criminal sentencing, was ordered to make restitution. His efforts to discharge that debt failed in the bankruptcy court and before the BAP for the Tenth Circuit. On appeal to the Tenth Circuit the court addressed two issues: 1. Whether his former employer had standing to object to discharge of the debt, 2. Whether the debt was dischargeable under section 523(a)(7). Section 523(a)(7) provides for the nondischargeability of a debt which is “a fine, penalty, or forfeiture payable to and for the benefit of a governmental unit, and is not compensation for  actual pecuniary loss.” [Read more…] about Criminal Restitution Is Nondischargeable