In In re Cooper, Case No. 24-1084 (9th Cir. 2024) the Ninth Circuit is determining whether the Ninth Circuit B.A.P. erred when it held that the Social Security Administration (SSA) could recoup an overpayment of Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits from Darrin Cooper’s ongoing SSDI payments, without violating the discharge injunction in bankruptcy.
Darrin Cooper was overpaid SSDI benefits due to an administrative error, receiving $73,112.90 more than he was entitled to because the SSA did not account for his concurrent workers’ compensation benefits. After filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy and receiving a discharge, Cooper discovered the overpayment and the SSA began deducting the overpaid amount from his ongoing SSDI payments.
The B.A.P.’s legal analysis focused on the equitable doctrine of recoupment, which allows a creditor to offset a debtor’s claim with a counterclaim arising from the same transaction. The court applied the “logical relationship test” to determine whether the overpayment and ongoing SSDI payments arose from the same transaction. The court found that both the overpayment and the ongoing payments stemmed from Cooper’s entitlement to SSDI benefits, establishing a strong logical relationship. Therefore, the SSA’s actions did not violate the discharge injunction. The court distinguished this case from others where recoupment was denied, such as in In re Madigan, by emphasizing that Cooper’s SSDI payments did not involve separate disability periods or different reimbursement agreements. Instead, Cooper’s ongoing SSDI entitlement and the overpayment were part of a continuous disability claim, thereby satisfying the same transaction requirement. The court also noted that Cooper did not seek available remedies under the Social Security Act, such as requesting a waiver or appealing the overpayment decision, which could have addressed his financial concerns.
Both NCBRC and NACBA submitted an amicus brief in support of the Debtor.